Electrochemical grippers based on the tuning of surface forces for applications in micro- and nanorobotics
Li, J. et al. Optical nanomanipulation on solid substrates via optothermally-gated photon nudging. Nat. Commun. 10, 5672 (2019).
Google Scholar
Min, Y., Akbulut, M., Kristiansen, K., Golan, Y. & Israelachvili, J. The role of interparticle and external forces in nanoparticle assembly. Nat. Mater. 7, 527–538 (2008).
Google Scholar
Xie, H., Onal, C., Régnier, S. & Sitti, M. Atomic Force Microscopy Based Nanorobotics (Springer, 2011).
Mavroidis, C. & Ferreira, A. Nanorobotics: Current Approaches and Techniques (Springer, 2013).
Google Scholar
Sitti, M. Mobile Microrobotics (MIT Press, 2017).
Li, J., de Ávila, B.E.-F., Gao, W., Zhang, L. & Wang, J. Micro/nanorobots for biomedicine: Delivery, surgery, sensing, and detoxification. Sci. Robot. 2, 6431 (2017).
Google Scholar
Sitti, M. Microscale and nanoscale robotic systems. IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. 14, 53–60 (2007).
Google Scholar
Kim, S., Ratchford, D. C. & Li, X. Atomic force microscope nanomanipulation with simultaneous visual guidance. ACS Nano 3, 2989–2994 (2009).
Google Scholar
Bøggild, P. et al. Microfabricated tools for pick-and-place of nanoscale components. IFAC Proc. Vol. 39, 120–126 (2006).
Google Scholar
Mølhave, K., Wich, T., Kortschack, A. & Bøggild, P. Pick-and-place nanomanipulation using microfabricated grippers. Nanotechnology 17, 2434–2441 (2006).
Google Scholar
Dejeu, J., Bechelany, M., Rougeot, P., Philippe, L. & Gauthier, M. Adhesion control for micro- and nanomanipulation. ACS Nano 5, 4648–4657 (2011).
Google Scholar
Zubir, M. N. M., Shirinzadeh, B. & Tian, Y. Development of a novel flexure-based microgripper for high precision micro-object manipulation. Sens. Actuator A Phys. 150, 257–266 (2009).
Google Scholar
Huang, V. M. et al. Local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: A review and some recent developments. Electrochim. Acta 56, 8048–8057 (2011).
Google Scholar
Shu, J. et al. A liquid metal artificial muscle. Adv. Mater. 33, 2103062 (2021).
Google Scholar
Liao, J. & Majidi, C. Muscle-inspired linear actuators by electrochemical oxidation of liquid metal bridges. Adv. Sci. 9, 2201963 (2022).
Google Scholar
Shi, C. et al. Recent advances in nanorobotic manipulation inside scanning electron microscopes. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 2, 16024 (2016).
Google Scholar
Dejeu, J. B., Philippe, L., Rougeot, P. & Michler, J. G. Reducing the adhesion between surfaces using surface structuring with PS latex particle. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2, 1630–1636 (2010).
Google Scholar
Gauthier, M., Régnier, S. & Rougeot, P. Analysis of forces for micromanipulations in dry and liquid media. J. Micromechatron. 3, 389–413 (2006).
Google Scholar
Garza, H., Ghatkesar, M., Basak, S., Löthman, P. & Staufer, U. Nano-workbench: A combined hollow AFM cantilever and robotic manipulator. Micromachines 6, 600–610 (2015).
Google Scholar
Yuan, S., Liu, L., Wang, Z. & Xi, N. AFM-Based Observation and Robotic Nano-Manipulation (Springer, 2020).
Google Scholar
Meister, A. et al. FluidFM: Combining atomic force microscopy and nanofluidics in a universal liquid delivery system for single cell applications and beyond. Nano Lett. 9, 2501–2507 (2009).
Google Scholar
Helfricht, N., Mark, A., Dorwling-Carter, L., Zambelli, T. & Papastavrou, G. Extending the limits of direct force measurements: colloidal probes from sub-micron particles. Nanoscale 9, 9491–9501 (2017).
Google Scholar
Mark, A., Helfricht, N., Rauh, A., Karg, M. & Papastavrou, G. The next generation of colloidal probes: A universal approach for soft and ultra-small particles. Small 15, 1902976 (2019).
Google Scholar
Lhernould, M. S., Delchambre, A., Régnier, S. & Lambert, P. Electrostatic forces in micromanipulations: Review of analytical models and simulations including roughness. Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 6203–6210 (2007).
Google Scholar
Li, W. et al. Honeybee-inspired electrostatic microparticle manipulation system based on triboelectric nanogenerator. Nano Energy 104, 107901 (2022).
Google Scholar
Riccardi, M. & Martin, O. J. F. Electromagnetic forces and torques: From dielectrophoresis to optical tweezers. Chem. Rev. 123, 1680–1711 (2023).
Google Scholar
Huang, J. et al. Electrically programmable adhesive hydrogels for climbing robots. Sci. Robot. 6, 1858 (2021).
Google Scholar
Li, D. et al. Study on the manipulation strategy of metallic microstructures based on electrochemical-assisted method. Micromachines (Basel) 13, 2151 (2022).
Google Scholar
Kim, K. J. & Tadokoro, S. Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications (Springer, 2007).
Google Scholar
Shi, Y.-X. et al. Soft electrochemical actuators with a two-dimensional conductive metal–organic framework nanowire array. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 4017–4023 (2021).
Google Scholar
Deng, Q. et al. Progress and prospective of electrochemical actuator materials. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 165, 107336 (2023).
Google Scholar
Otero, T. F., Martinez, J. G., Fuchiwaki, M. & Valero, L. Structural electrochemistry from freestanding polypyrrole films: Full hydrogen inhibition from aqueous solutions. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 1265–1274 (2014).
Google Scholar
Israelachvili, J. N. Intermolecular and Surface Forces (American Press, 1992).
Sinniah, S. K., Steel, A. B., Miller, C. J. & Reutt-Robey, J. E. Solvent exclusion and chemical contrast in scanning force microscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 8925–8931 (1996).
Google Scholar
Noy, A., Vezenov, D. V. & Lieber, C. M. Chemical force microscopy. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 27, 381–421 (1997).
Google Scholar
Papastavrou, G. & Akari, S. Interaction forces between OH-groups in different solvents as observed by scanning force microscopy. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 164, 175–181 (2000).
Google Scholar
Raduge, C., Papastavrou, G., Kurth, D. G. & Motschmann, H. Controlling wettability by light: Illuminating the molecular mechanism. Eur. Phys. J. E 10, 103–114 (2003).
Google Scholar
Kim, M. et al. Switchable photonic bio-adhesive materials. Adv. Mater. 33, 2103674 (2021).
Google Scholar
Serafin, J. M., Hsieh, S.-J., Monahan, J. & Gewirth, A. A. Potential dependent adhesion forces on bare and underpotential deposition modified electrode surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 10027–10033 (1998).
Google Scholar
Campbell, S. D. & Hillier, A. C. Nanometer-scale probing of potential-dependent electrostatic forces, adhesion, and interfacial friction at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Langmuir 15, 891–899 (1999).
Google Scholar
Kuznetsov, V. & Papastavrou, G. Adhesion of colloidal particles on modified electrodes. Langmuir 28, 16567–16579 (2012).
Google Scholar
Papastavrou, G. Combining electrochemistry and direct force measurements: From the control of surface properties towards applications. Colloid Polym. Sci. 288, 1201–1214 (2010).
Google Scholar
Butt, H. J. Measuring electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydration forces in electrolyte solutions with an atomic force microscope. Biophys. J. 60, 1438–1444 (1991).
Google Scholar
Ducker, W. A., Senden, T. J. & Pashley, R. M. Direct measurement of colloidal forces using an atomic force microscope. Nature 353, 239–241 (1991).
Google Scholar
Kappl, M. & Butt, H. J. The colloidal probe technique and its application to adhesion force measurements. Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 19, 129–143 (2002).
Google Scholar
Yuan, C. C., Zhang, D. & Gan, Y. Invited review article: Tip modification methods for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and colloidal probe technique: A 10 year update (2006–2016) review. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 031101 (2017).
Google Scholar
Karg, A. et al. A versatile and simple approach to electrochemical colloidal probes for direct force measurements. Langmuir 37, 13537–13547 (2021).
Google Scholar
Mirkin, M. V. & Amemiya, S. Nanoelectrochemistry (CRC Press, 2015).
Google Scholar
Petrovic, S. Cyclic voltammetry of hexachloroiridate(IV): An alternative to the electrochemical study of the ferricyanide ion. Chem. Educ. 5, 231–235 (2000).
Google Scholar
Ji, X., Banks, C. E., Crossley, A. & Compton, R. G. Oxygenated edge plane sites slow the electron transfer of the ferro-/ferricyanide redox couple at graphite electrodes. ChemPhysChem 7, 1337–1344 (2006).
Google Scholar
Butt, H.-J., Cappella, B. & Kappl, M. Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications. Surf. Sci. Rep. 59, 1–152 (2005).
Google Scholar
Behrens, S. H. & Grier, D. G. The charge of glass and silica surfaces. J. Chem. Phys. 115, 6716–6721 (2001).
Google Scholar
Pericet-Camara, R., Papastavrou, G., Behrens, S. H. & Borkovec, M. Interaction between charged surfaces on the Poisson−Boltzmann level: The constant regulation approximation. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 19467–19475 (2004).
Google Scholar
Rentsch, S., Pericet-Camara, R., Papastavrou, G. & Borkovec, M. Probing the validity of the Derjaguin approximation for heterogeneous colloidal particles. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 8, 2531–2538 (2006).
Google Scholar
Trefalt, G., Palberg, T. & Borkovec, M. Forces between colloidal particles in aqueous solutions containing monovalent and multivalent ions. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 27, 9–17 (2017).
Google Scholar
Kaftan, O. et al. Probing multivalent host–guest interactions between modified polymer layers by direct force measurement. J. Phys. Chem. B 115, 7726–7735 (2011).
Google Scholar
Zyulkov, I. et al. Area-selective ALD of Ru on nanometer-scale Cu lines through dimerization of amino-functionalized alkoxy silane passivation films. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 4678–4688 (2020).
Google Scholar
You, S. & Wan, M. P. Mathematical models for the van der Waals force and capillary force between a rough particle and surface. Langmuir 29, 9104–9117 (2013).
Google Scholar
Ramakrishna, S. N., Clasohm, L. Y., Rao, A. & Spencer, N. D. Controlling adhesion force by means of nanoscale surface roughness. Langmuir 27, 9972–9978 (2011).
Google Scholar
Stevens, F., Lo, Y.-S., Harris, J. M. & Beebe, T. P. Computer modeling of atomic force microscopy force measurements: Comparisons of Poisson, histogram, and continuum methods. Langmuir 15, 207–213 (1999).
Google Scholar
Hillier, A. C., Kim, S. & Bard, A. J. Measurement of double-layer forces at the electrode/electrolyte interface using the atomic force microscope: Potential and anion dependent interactions. J. Phys. Chem. 100, 18808–18817 (1996).
Google Scholar
Serafin, J. M. & Gewirth, A. A. Measurement of adhesion force to determine surface composition in an electrochemical environment. J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 10833–10838 (1997).
Google Scholar
Rentsch, S., Siegenthaler, H. & Papastavrou, G. Diffuse layer properties of thiol-modified gold electrodes probed by direct force measurements. Langmuir 23, 9083–9091 (2007).
Google Scholar
Kuznetsov, V. & Papastavrou, G. Ion adsorption on modified electrodes as determined by direct force measurements under potentiostatic control. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 2673–2685 (2014).
Google Scholar
Borkowska, Z. & Hamelin, A. The influence of the crystallographic orientation on the double layer parameters of the Au/dimethylsulphoxide interface. J. Electroanal. Chem. 241, 373–377 (1988).
Google Scholar
Trasatti, S. & Doubova, L. M. Crystal-face specificity of electrical double-layer parameters at metal/solution interfaces. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 91, 3311–3325 (1995).
Google Scholar
Ahrens, P. et al. Influence of argon ion beam etching and thermal treatment on polycrystalline and single crystal gold electrodes Au(100) and Au(111). J. Electroanal. Chem. 832, 233–240 (2019).
Google Scholar
Liang, J. et al. Electrostatic footpads enable agile insect-scale soft robots with trajectory control. Sci. Rob. 6, eabe7906 (2021).
Google Scholar
Fischer, P. & Nelson, B. J. Tiny robots make big advances. Sci. Robot. 6, eabh3168 (2021).
Google Scholar
Bard, A. J. & Faulkner, L. R. Fundamentals and Applications (Wiley, 2001).
Xu, K. & Su, R. Path planning of nanorobot: A review. Microsyst. Technol. 28, 2393–2401 (2022).
Google Scholar
Xu, K., Kalantari, A. & Qian, X. Efficient AFM-based nanoparticle manipulation via sequential parallel pushing. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 11, 666–675 (2011).
Google Scholar
Requicha, A. A. G., Arbuckle, D. J., Mokaberi, B. & Yun, J. Algorithms and software for nanomanipulation with atomic force microscopes. Int. J. Robot. Res. 28, 512–522 (2009).
Google Scholar
Zhang, Z., Wang, X., Liu, J., Dai, C. & Sun, Y. Robotic micromanipulation: Fundamentals and applications. Annu. Rev. Control Robot. Auton. Syst. 2, 181–203 (2019).
Google Scholar
Zimmermann, S., Tiemerding, T. & Fatikow, S. Automated robotic manipulation of individual colloidal particles using vision-based control. IEEE ASME Trans. Mechatron. 20, 2031–2038 (2015).
Google Scholar
Dey, U., Kumar, C. S. & Jacob, C. SEM image-guided manipulation with a feedback assistance system for automated nanohandling of a 4 DOF micromanipulator. J. Micromech. Microeng. 31, 115006 (2021).
Google Scholar
Sha, X., Sun, H., Zhao, Y., Li, W. & Li, W. J. A review on microscopic visual servoing for micromanipulation systems: Applications in micromanufacturing, biological injection, and nanosensor assembly. Micromachines 10, 843 (2019).
Google Scholar
Zhou, L., Li, X., Zhu, B. & Su, B. An overview of antifouling strategies for electrochemical analysis. Electroanalysis 34, 966–975 (2022).
Google Scholar
Hanssen, B. L., Siraj, S. & Wong, D. K. Y. Recent strategies to minimise fouling in electrochemical detection systems. Rev. Anal. Chem. 35, 1–28 (2016).
Google Scholar
Lin, P. H. & Li, B. R. Antifouling strategies in advanced electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Analyst 145, 1110–1120 (2020).
Google Scholar
Fischer, L. M. et al. Gold cleaning methods for electrochemical detection applications. Microelectron. Eng. 86, 1282–1285 (2009).
Google Scholar
Fornof, A. R., Erdmann, M., David, R. & Gaub, H. E. Electric glue: Electrically controlled polymer-surface adhesion. Nano Lett. 11, 1993–1996 (2011).
Google Scholar
Fritz, P. A. et al. Electrode surface potential-driven protein adsorption and desorption through modulation of electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydration interactions. Langmuir 37, 6549–6555 (2021).
Google Scholar
Xu, J., Kwak, K. J., Lee, J. L. & Agarwal, G. Lifting and sorting of charged Au nanoparticles by electrostatic forces in atomic force microscopy. Small 6, 2105–2108 (2010).
Google Scholar
Cheng, H.-W. et al. Simple and fast method to fabricate single-nanoparticle-terminated atomic force microscope tips. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 13239–13246 (2013).
Google Scholar
Helfricht, N. et al. Probing the adhesion properties of alginate hydrogels: A new approach towards the preparation of soft colloidal probes for direct force measurements. Soft Matter 13, 578–589 (2017).
Google Scholar
Hutter, J. L. & Bechhoefer, J. Calibration of atomic-force microscope tips. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 1868–1873 (1993).
Google Scholar